Constructionism

Introductory Videos

Introduction to Constructionism (watch on YouTube) David Joyner Jun 6, 2016 David Joyner introduces Constructionism as part of Pedagogical Styles. Joyner, D. & Udacity. (2016, June 6). Pedagogical Styles: Constructionism Introductory Video. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qsiqetMlCg

Introductory Resources

Constructivism vs. Constructivism vs. Constructionism Mark Guzdial Jun 16, 1997 Guzdial provides definitions for constructivism, the learning theory, constructivism, the cognitive theory, and constructionism. Guzdial, M. (1997). Constructivism vs. Constructivism vs. Constructionism. Retrieved from http://guzdial.cc.gatech.edu/Commentary/construct.html

Learning Theories and Transfer of Learning: Constructivism Nov 28, 2000 Constructivism is discussed as part of a larger article on learning theories. It also provides information about situated learning later in the article. Learning Theories and Transfer of Learning: Constructivism. (2000-11-28). Retrieved from http://otec.uoregon.edu/learning_theory.htm#Constructivism

8 Big Ideas Behing the Constructionism Learning Lab Gary Stager Jan 1, 2017 In Stager's PhD dissertation, he provided this list from Seymour Papert (1999) Stager, G. (2007) An Investigation of Constructionism in the Maine Youth Center. Retrieved from http://stager.org/articles/8bigideas.pdf

Constructionism, Learning by Design, and Project Based Learning Kristi Leonard, Erin Kyungwon Noh, Michael Orey Jul 28, 2015 This is a very small part of a much larger document on the same page. Leonard, K., Kyungwon Noh, E., & Orey, M. (2015) Constructionism, Learning by Design, and Project Based Learning. Introduction to Emerging Perspectives on Learning, Teaching, and Technology. Department of Educational Psychology and Instructional Technology, University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://epltt.coe.uga.edu/index.php?title=Introduction_to_Emerging_Perspectives_on_Learning,_Teaching,_and_Technology#Constructionism.2C_Learning_by_Design.2C_and_Project_Based_Learning

Constructionism This is the constructionism entry at the EduTech Wiki. In addition to including constructivism, it also provides some technologies. Constructionism. (n.d.) Edutech Wiki. Retrieved from http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Constructionism

Constructionism (Learning Theory) Various Wikipedia is an open encyclopedia. This link is for the entry for Constructionism (Learning Theory). Various. (n.d.). Constructionism (Learning Theory). wikipedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionism_(learning_theory)

Constructionism vs. Instructionism: Teaching vs. Learning Seymour Papert As part of a speech to educators in Japan, Seymour Papert included teaching vs. learning as one of the topics. Papert, S. (n.d.). Constructionism vs. Instructionism: Teaching vs. Learning. Retrieved from http://www.papert.org/articles/const_inst/const_inst1.html

Education Theory: Constructivism and Social Constructivism in the Classroom This page discusses the application of constructivism in the classrom. Education Theory: Constructivism and Social Constructivism in the Classroom. (n.d.) Open Educational Resources of UCD Teaching and Learning, University College Dublin. Retrieved April 30, 2017 from http://www.ucdoer.ie/index.php/Education_Theory/Constructivism_and_Social_Constructivism_in_the_Classroom

Seymour Papert’s Legacy: Thinking About Learning, and Learning About Thinking Paulo Blikstein This page is the author's reflection on the importance of Seymour Papert's influence in the realm of educational technology, metacognition, and learning. Blikstein, P. (n.d.) Seymour Papert’s Legacy: Thinking About Learning, and Learning About Thinking. Retrieved from https://tltl.stanford.edu/content/seymour-papert-s-legacy-thinking-about-learning-and-learning-about-thinking

Scholarly Readings

Mindstorms - Chapter 1 Seymour Papert Jan 1, 1980 This is the first chapter in the classic, Mindstorms, by Seymour Papert. In this chapter, Papert lays out the scope and direction of his theories about learning and how technology is included successfully with learning. The link to the book on Amazon is here https://www.amazon.com/Mindstorms-Children-Computers-Powerful-Ideas/dp/0465046746 Papert, S. (1980). Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas. Basic Books, Inc.. Retrieved from https://llk.media.mit.edu/courses/readings/mindstorms-chap1.pdf

Mindstorms - Foreword Seymour Papert Jan 1, 1980 This is the foreward from the classic, Mindstorms, by Seymour Papert. In this section, Papert describes the origins of the book in his own childhood and how it related directly to Piaget's theories of learning. Something is easy only if someone has already incorporated that into their model of things they can learn. The copy of the document is missing some pieces and may not be a clean read. The link to the book on Amazon is here https://www.amazon.com/Mindstorms-Children-Computers-Powerful-Ideas/dp/0465046746 Papert, S. (1980). Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas. Basic Books, Inc.. Retrieved from http://www.papert.org/articles/GearsOfMyChildhood.html

Situating Constructionism Seymour Papert, Idit Harel Jan 1, 1991 Situating Constructionism is the first chapter is the book Constructionism. Papert and Harel explicitly state the differences between constructionism and constructivism, with constructionism loosely defined as learning by doing. The link to the book on Amazon is here http://www.amazon.com/Constructionism-Idit-Harel/dp/0893917869/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1439332348&sr=8-1&keywords=constructionism+papert Papert, S. & Harel, I. (1991) Constructionism. Ablex Publishing Corporation. Retrieved from http://web.media.mit.edu/~calla/web_comunidad/Reading-En/situating_constructionism.pdf

The MediaMOO Project: Constructionism and Professional Community Amy Bruckman, Mitchel Resnick Mar 1, 1995 This paper describes the MediaMOO project as "a text-based, networked, virtual reality environment designed to enhance professional community amoung media researchers." They describe constructionism as essentially people learn best when they are learning what's important to them, i.e. learning by doing is better than learning by being told, and a virtual world is a very good way to get encourage constructionist learning. Bruckman, A., & Resnick, M. (1995). The MediaMOO project: Constructionism and professional community. Convergence, 1(1), 94-109.

Community Support for Constructivist Learning Amy Bruckman Jan 1, 1998 The paper describes the results of research involving a constructionist text-based virtual reality game called Moose Crossing, aimed at eight to 13 year old children. The program allows children to improve their reading and writing by working of project they selected themselves. The project included more than 180 children and 90 adults. Bruckman, A. (1998). Community support for constructionist learning. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), 7(1), 47-86. Retrieved from http://sites.google.com/site/amyyyy20/bruckman1998.pdf

Monitoring Constructivist Classroom Learning Environments Peter Taylor, Barry Fraser, Darrell Fisher Dec 1, 1997 Taylor, P. C., Fraser, B. J., & Fisher, D. L. (1997). Monitoring constructivist classroom learning environments. International journal of educational research, 27(4), 293-302. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter_Taylor11/publication/240433642_Monitoring_constructivist_classroom_learning_environments/links/0deec5248c6258f0c9000000.pdf

Constructivism in Computer Science Education Mordechai Ben-Ari Mar 1, 1998 The paper surveys constructivism in the context of Computer Science Education, which to that time had not been widely done if at all. Ben-Ari, M. (1998, March). Constructivism in computer science education. In ACM SIGCSE bulletin (Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 257-261). ACM. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.330.1099&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Can Educational be Fun? Amy Bruckman Mar 1, 1999 Bruckman argues educational, especially when it comes to games, can be fun. The typical educational game did not, at the time, make learning fun. From the Abstract, "Fun is often treated like a sugar-coating to be added to an educational core. Which makes about as much sense as chocolate dipped broccoli." Bruckman, A. (1999, March). Can educational be fun. In Game developers conference (Vol. 99, pp. 75-79). Retrieved from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~asb/papers/bruckman-gdc99.pdf

Piaget's Constructivism, Papert's Constructionism: What's the Difference? Edith Ackermann Sep 1, 2001 Ackerman describes the differences between Piaget's constructivism and Papert's constructionism. Constructivism is a theory of how children learn at different developmental stages. Constructionism, on the other hand, is about learning to learn, especially typified by self-directed learning and learning through doing. Ackermann, E. (2001). Piaget’s constructivism, Papert’s constructionism: What’s the difference. Future of learning group publication, 5(3), 438. Retrieved from http://learning.media.mit.edu/content/publications/EA.Piaget%20_%20Papert.pdf

Toward Constructiveism for Adult Learners in Online Learning Environments Hsiu-Mei Huang Jan 1, 2002 "Abstract. Since online learning has a different setting from the conventional classroom, online educators need to use some special techniques and perceptions to lead to success. Moreover, adults have special needs and requirements as learners compared with children and adolescents, thus online educators should know how adults can learn best because of their special characteristics. Philosophical and methodological shifts also affect instruction. Many researchers have suggested that constructivism should be applied in distance education. Thus, this paper attempts to examine the impact of constructivism in online learning environments when focusing on adult learners. The author develops the connection between constructivism and adult learning theory. In addition, the paper proposes instructional guidelines using the constructivist approach in online learning for adults." Huang, H. M. (2002). Toward constructivism for adult learners in online learning environments. British Journal of Educational Technology, 33(1), 27-37.

Toward a Pedagogy of Online Constructionist Learning Gary Steger Jul 1, 2005 This paper outlines processes used at Pepperdine to incorporate constructionism into a graduate level Technology and Learning class. Stager, G. (2005, July). Towards a pedagogy of online constructionist learning. In Proceedings of the 2005 World Conference on Computers in Education. Retrieved from http://www.stager.org/articles/onlineconstructionism.pdf

Papertian Constructionism and the Design of Productive Contexts for Learning Gary Steger Aug 25, 2005 Steger describes how he, David Cavallo, and Seymour Papert created the Constructionist Learning Laboratory in The Maine Youth Center, operated from 1999 to 2002. The paper serves as an introduction into the results of the research done for Steger's doctoral thesis. Essentially, the paper introduces research showing the results of applyin constructionist learning techniques as an intervention strategy to at-risk youths, many of whom were considered learning disabled. Stager, G. (2005). Papertian constructionism and the design of productive contexts for learning. Proceedings of EuroLogo 2005. Retrieved from http://stager.org/articles/eurologo2005.pdf

Robotics & Constructivism in Education: the TERECoP project Dimitris Alimisis, Michele Moro, Javier Arlegui, Alfredo Pina, Stassini Frangou, Kyparissia Papanikolaou Aug 19, 2007 Normally, constructivist teachings are aimed at the student. This paper examines how constructivist-constructionist theory can be applied to the teacher. The target subject is teaching robotics. Alimisis, D., Moro, M., Arlegui, J., Pina, A., Frangou, S., & Papanikolaou, K. (2007, August). Robotics & constructivism in education: The TERECoP project. In EuroLogo (Vol. 40, pp. 19-24). Retrieved from http://users.sch.gr/adamopou/docs/syn_eurologo2007_alimisis.pdf

It Looks Like Fun, But are They Learning? Mike Petrich, Karen Wilkinson, Brownwyn Bevan Jan 1, 2013 This is Chapter 5 from the book, Design, Make, Play: Growing the Next Generation of STEM Innovators. The authors describe the make up and role of the Tinkering Studio, a Maker space in the San Francisco Exploratorium. Petrich, M., Wilkinson, K., & Bevan, B. (2013). It looks like fun, but are they learning. Design, make, play: Growing the next generation of STEM innovators, 50-70. Retrieved from http://www.exploratorium.edu/sites/default/files/pdfs/PetrichWilkinsonBevan-2013-ItLooksLikeFun.pdf

Biographies

Creativity Labs @ Indiana University Apr 23, 2017 From the landing page, "The Creativity Labs @ Indiana University brings together educators, designers, artists, and learning theorists interested in constructionist and design-based learning. We focus on computational tools that support learning by leveraging youths’ interests in digital culture, design, and making." Creativity Labs. (2017, April 23) Indiana University. Retrieved from http://creativitylabs.com/

Idit Harel Apr 23, 2017 Idit Harel is a constructionist academic researcher and the CEO of Globalaria as an entrepreneur. She worked with Seymour Papert at MIT's Media Lab. Her personal web-site is http://www.iditharel.com/ Harel, I. (2017, April 23) Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idit_Harel

Lighthouse Creativity Lab Apr 23, 2017 From the About page, "The Lighthouse Community Charter School Creativity Lab’s vision is to give people from all walks of life the opportunity to participate in designing and making. We are building a K-12 program on site both to serve our own students, but also to help others see how design-make can be integrated into an entire school program. We believe that all students are designers and makers and we want to give our students the choice to pursue their own passion by providing them with the opportunity to make at all ages." Lighthouse Creativity Lab. (2017, April 23) Lighthouse Charter School, Oakland, CA. Retrieved from http://lighthousecreativitylab.org/about/

MIT Media Lab Apr 23, 2017 The MIT Media Lab was established in 1985 as a place where the leading edge in technology can be developed to make the lives of people better. Papert was there from the founding until his death. The lab credits itself for pushing the leading edge of technology to reinvent how people use and interact with technology. This paper shows thirty products and platforms spun off and created at the labs: https://dam-prod.media.mit.edu/x/2017/04/03/Top30%20Oct%202016.pdf MIT Media Lab. (2017, April 23) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved from https://www.media.mit.edu/about/mission-history/

Seymour Papert Apr 23, 2017 Seymour Papert was instrumental in developing constructionism as a way of thinking about learning. He was at MIT's AI Lab from 1960 through the 1980s and at MIT'S Media Lab from 1985-2000. Papert's constructionism is often constrasted to Piaget's constructivism. Papert was involved with so many places, things, and ideas, the best way to learn more about him and his work is to visit his site. The page is a personal page and has links to all of his papers and some video recordings. Papert, S. (2017, April 23) Web site devoted to Papert's work. Retrieved from http://www.papert.org/

Ongoing Projects

Arduino Apr 22, 2017 This is the landing page for the Arduino project. Arduino is a launch pad for many different kinds of electronic and electro-mechanical projects. If there is an easy introduction into IoT and robots, Arduino is a great place to start. Arduino. (2017, April 22). Retrieved from https://www.arduino.cc/

Computer ClubhouseProject Apr 22, 2017 This is a landing page for the Computer Clubhouse project at MIT Media Labs' Lifelong Kindergarten. The page contains a list of people and papers related to the project. The project began in 1993. Computer Clubhouse as an after-school center for 10-18 year-olds from low income neighborhoods. It is now in 20 countries with 100 centers. The landing page for the Computer Clubhouse is http://computerclubhouse.org/ Computer ClubhouseProject. (2017, April 22). Lifelong Kindergarten at MIT Media Labs. Retrieved from https://llk.media.mit.edu/projects/203/

Learn to Mod Apr 22, 2017 This is the landing page for the Learn to Mod project. Learn to Mod is a project focused on modding Minecraft. Modding allows users to modify the Minecraft world by adding or changing characteristics of the game world. For example, it's possible to incorporate a telephone into Minecraft. Learn to Mod. (2017, April 22). Retrieved from https://www.learntomod.com/

MelodyMorph Project Apr 22, 2017 This is a landing page for the MelodyMorph project at MIT Media Labs' Lifelong Kindergarten. As the name suggests the goal is constructing music and melodies, but in a situational and improvised manner by removing the fixed mapping between space and pitch. There is one paper about the project by Eric Rosenbaum listed on the page, but it claims to be ongoing. MelodyMorph Project. (2017, April 22). Lifelong Kindergarten at MIT Media Labs. Retrieved from https://llk.media.mit.edu/projects/3138/

PIE Network Apr 22, 2017 From the About page, "PIE (Playful Invention and Exploration) is an approach to using new technologies that integrates art, science, music, and engineering. The main goal of PIE is to enable and inspire more people to create, invent, and explore -- using a combination of traditional craft materials and new digital technologies. Although it began as an effort of MIT Media Labs funded by the National Science Foundation, it is an independent project. PIE Network. (2017, April 22). Retrieved from http://www.pienetwork.org/

Raspberry Pi Help Videos Apr 22, 2017 This is the landing page for the Raspberry Pi help videos hosted on YouTube. If you are stuck on a project or looking for help, this is the place to go. For more information Raspberry Pi, go to the main landing page at https://www.raspberrypi.org/ Raspberry Pi. (2017, April 22). Raspberry Pi Help Videos. Retrieved from https://www.raspberrypi.org/help/videos/

Scratch Project Apr 22, 2017 This is a landing page for the Scratch Programming Language project at MIT Media Labs' Lifelong Kindergarten. The page contains a list of people and papers related to the programming language, dated from 2007 to the present, although the project began in 2002. The programming language is aimed at children and the focus is learning by doing. The landing page for the Scratch language to get more information and downloads is https://scratch.mit.edu/ Scratch Project. (2017, April 22). Lifelong Kindergarten at MIT Media Labs. Retrieved from https://llk.media.mit.edu/projects/783/

Sparkfun Inventor's Kit Apr 22, 2017 Sparkfun is a Maker's supply site. The Invetor's Kit is a basic electronics kit like something that might be used for an introductory electronics class or a hobbyist starting to learn. Inventor's Kit. (2017, April 22). Sparkfun. Retrieved from https://learn.sparkfun.com/resources/39

In the Media

Seymour Papert 1983 Seymour Papert May 25, 2007 This 8 minute excerpt from a 47 minute film about Seymour Papert and his constructionist theories of learning. Papert. S. (Cynthia Solomon) (2007, May 25). Seymour Papert 1983. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOf4EMN6-XA&feature=youtu.be

Constructionism for Adults Mark Guzdial May 23, 2014 Guzdial identifies three ways constructionism for adults is different than constructionism for children. First, adults need to be able to safely be able to make mistakes and learn from them, as a child would. Second, adults come with a presumption of expertise, which is not generally how a child is taught. Third, adults have time constraints and responsibilities children do not have, which conflicts with the inherently inefficient nature of constructionism. Guzdial, M. (2014, May 23) (blog) Constructionism for Adults. Retrieved from https://computinged.wordpress.com/2014/05/23/constructionism-for-adults/

Creating CS Meetups for Constructionist Adult Education Mark Guzdial Oct 8, 2014 Mark Guzdial, after writing the Constructionism for Adults blog post, lays out a general format for an adult computer programming meetup. He references the Samba School, a place where everyone of all levels of expertise participate in a single activity, and two collaborative software development projects called Kansas and Nebraska. Guzdial, M. (2014, Octoer 8) (blog) Creating CS Meetups for Constructionist Adult Education. Retrieved from https://computinged.wordpress.com/2014/10/08/creating-cs-meetups-for-constructionist-adult-education/

No-Tech Board Games that Teach Coding Skills to Young Children Mindshift Jan 28, 2015 Showing educational technology doesn't need to be hi-tech, Mindshift highlights Code Monkey Island and Robot Turtles as ways some are teaching the thinking required to accomplish programming tasks. Unlike traditional children's games, these games are played cooperatively with cards facing up. Fundamentally, the games teach logical and sequential organization to preschoolers, the target market for the games. Mindshift. (2015, January 28). No-Tech Board Games that Teach Coding Skills to Young Children. KQED. Retrieved from http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/01/28/no-tech-board-games-that-teach-coding-skills-to-young-children/

Computing in the Classroom Sophia Nguyen Mar 1, 2015 Nguyen provides a brief background on the use of machines for teaching, starting with behaviorist B.F. Skinner's reductionism applied to education, with the most modern example being gamification. Constructionism, on the other hand, involves hands-on learning, i.e. learning by doing, and students proceed at different speeds. This conflicts with the factory/production model of the current U.S. education system. Nguyen, S. (2015, March 1). Computing in the Classroom. Retrieved from http://harvardmagazine.com/2015/03/computing-in-the-classroom

Teaching Machines Learning from the Intersection of Education and Technology, by Bill Ferster Steve Wheeler Mar 12, 2015 This is a review of Bill Ferster's book Teaching Machines: Learning from the Intersection of Education and Technology. According to Wheeler, "Ferster’s focus is on how we can teach with “machines” of various kinds, and he exposes the issues and challenges that emerge whenever we apply technology to the task of pedagogy." And, in closing, “Teaching machines can be only as effective as the pedagogical methods they employ … and how they stay focused on the learner” Wheeler, S. (2015, March 12). Teaching Machines: Learning from the Intersection of Education and Technology, by Bill Ferster. Times Higher Education. Retrieved from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/books/teaching-machines-learning-from-the-intersection-of-education-and-technology-by-bill-ferster/2018940.article

Conferences, Journals, and Books

Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas 2nd Edition Seymour Papert Jan 1, 1980 The link goes to the Amazon book page. The book is about children learning by doing and through being engaged in their discovery activities. Papert, S. (1980). Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas. Basic Books, Inc.

Constructionist Learning: A 5th Anniversary Collection of Papers Reflecting Research Reports, Projects in Progress, and Essays by the Epistemology & Learning Group Idit Harel Jan 1, 1990 The link goes to the Google Books page; there is no eBook available. Harel, I. (Ed.). (1990). Constructionist Learning: A 5th Anniversary Collection of Papers Reflecting Research Reports, Projects in Progress, and Essays by the Epistemology & Learning Group. MIT Media Laboratory.

Constructionism: Research Reports and Essays, 1985-1990 Idit Harel, Seymour Papert Jan 1, 1991 The link goes to the Google Books page; there is no eBook available. Papert, S., & Harel, I. (1991). Constructionism: research reports and essays 1985-1990 by the Epistemology and Learning Research Group, the Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ablex Pub. Corp, Norwood, NJ.

Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds Mitchel Resnick Jan 1, 1997 The link goes to the Google Books page; there is no eBook available . The book discusses how small systems can be used as models of decentralized organization and the content can be taught to anyone, including young children. Resnick, M. (1997). Turtles, termites, and traffic jams: Explorations in massively parallel microworlds. Mit Press.

The Association for Constructivist Teaching Content Author Apr 20, 2017 This is the landing page for the Association for Constructivist Teaching. The Association has a conference. As of April 20, 2017, the 2017 conference was still accepting submissions. The organization mission is to further teaching using constructivism as a scientific theory. Membership is open to anyone in the field of education. The 2017 conference page is here: https://sites.google.com/site/assocforconstructteaching/2017-act-conference The Association for Constructivist Teaching. (2017, April, 20) Retrieved from: https://sites.google.com/site/assocforconstructteaching/

Constructionism and Creativity Jan 1, 2016 This conference is about constructionist learning theory. Attendees learn about the most current tools, technologies, theories, and practice related to constructionism. As of April 20, 2017, the 2016 conference proceedings were available for download. 2014 Conference page: http://constructionism2014.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/ Constructionism and Creativity. 2016 Annual Conference. Retrieved from: http://e-school.kmutt.ac.th/constructionism2016/.

Journal of the Learning Sciences Apr 20, 2017 This journal is the official journal of The International Society of the Learning Sciences. Journal of the Learning Sciences. (2015). Retrieved from: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/hlns20/current

Learning to Design, Designing to Learn: Using Technology to Transform the Curriculum Diane Pelkus Balestri, Stephen C. Ehrmann, David L. Ferguson Jan 1, 1992 The link goes to the Google Books page; there is no eBook available. Balestri, D. P., Ehrmann, S. C., & Ferguson, D. L. (1992). Learning to design, designing to learn: Using technology to transform the curriculum. Taylor & Francis.

Relating Research to Practice Apr 20, 2017 The goal of this site is to provide education professionals access to research in a location and venue they would not normally be able to access by presenting summaries of education research related papers. The project was initially funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 2011 and has gone on to draw support from many other organizations. Relating Research to Practice. (2017, April, 20) Retrieved from: http://www.relatingresearchtopractice.org/

Online Courses and Textbooks

The following are a few available online courses, textbooks, and other resources:

MIT OCW: The Nature of Constructionist Learning Bakhtiar Mikhak Apr 19, 2017 From the course description: ""This course examines the philosophical and theoretical foundations of constructionism as a paradigm for formulating and evaluating new theories for learning and approaches to education. One of the goals of this course is to help new learning researchers situate their work within the constructionist framework through readings and projects that will focus on the rich interplay between the process of knowledge construction and the development and co-evolution of ideas, learners, tools, and contexts."" Mikhak, B. (2017). MIT OCW: The Nature of Constructionist Learning. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Open Course Ware (OCW). Retrieved April 19, 2017 from: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/media-arts-and-sciences/mas-962-the-nature-of-constructionist-learning-spring-2003/

Tinkering Fundamentals: A Constructionist Approach to STEM Learning Exploratorium Apr 19, 2017 From the course description: ""This course examines the philosophical and theoretical foundations of constructionism as a paradigm for formulating and evaluating new theories for learning and approaches to education. One of the goals of this course is to help new learning researchers situate their work within the constructionist framework through readings and projects that will focus on the rich interplay between the process of knowledge construction and the development and co-evolution of ideas, learners, tools, and contexts."" As of April 19, 2017, the course is taught by MIke Petrich, Karen Wilkinson, and Luigi Anzivino from Exploratorium in San Francisco, CA. Exploratorium. (2017) Tinkering Fundamentals: A Constructionist Approach to STEM Learning. Hosted by Coursera. Retrieved April 19, 2017 from: https://www.coursera.org/learn/tinkering