Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Introductory Videos

Introduction to Intelligent Tutoring Systems (watch on YouTube) David Joyner Jun 6, 2016 David Joyner introduces Intelligent Tutoring Systems as part of Technologies. Joyner, D. & Udacity. (2016, June 6). Technologies: Intelligent Tutoring Systems Introductory Video. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKFujZMfObo

Introductory Resources

Links: What is an Intelligent Tutoring System? Jim Ong, Sowmya Ramachandran Feb 1, 2000 Printing of an ASTD web article about intelligent tutoring systems. The original article is from 2000 and the printing is from 2005. Ong, J., & Ramachandran, S. (2000). Intelligent Tutoring Systems: The What and the How. Retreived from: https://www.stottlerhenke.com/papers/astd_learning_circuits_2000_its_what_how.pdf

Adaptive Hypermedia: From Intelligent Tutoring Systems to Web-Based Education Peter Brusilovsky Jun 1, 2000 Discusses adaptive hypermedia, tracing the history of adaptive hypermedia related to intelligent tutoring and drafting an idea of the future of web-based education. Brusilovsky, P. (2000, June). Adaptive hypermedia: From intelligent tutoring systems to web-based education. In International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (pp. 1-7). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Links: What is an Intelligent Tutoring System? Reeva Freedman, Syed S. Ali, Susan McRoy Sep 1, 2000 Answers the question What is an Intelligent Tutorin System? It also provides links as reference. A publicatin of the ACM journal intelligence. The referenced resources are dated, but the explanations of the components are still sound. Freedman, R., Ali, S. S., & McRoy, S. (2000). Links: what is an intelligent tutoring system?. intelligence, 11(3), 15-16.

Notes on the Components for Intelligent Tutoring Systems Ladislav Samuelis Sep 1, 2007 This paper describes the components of an intelligent tutoring system and the concepts behind them. There is no specific date for the publication. Samuelis, L. (2007). Notes on the components for intelligent tutoring systems. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 4(2), 77-85.

Intelligent Tutors: Past, Present, and Future Bevery Park Woolf Aug 1, 2011 Describes the history, present status, and future of intelligent tutoring systems. Woolf, B. (2011). Intelligent Tutors: Past, Present, and Future. Center for Knowledge Communication, University of Massachusetts/Amherst.

Things you should know about intelligent tutoring systems Ken Koedinger, Michael Tanner Jul 1, 2013 Answers basic questions about what intelligent tutoring systems are, how they work, and why it's significant. It also provides an example scenario at the beginning of the article setting up answers to the questions raised. Koedinger, K., & Tanner, M. (2013). Things you should know about intelligent tutoring systems. EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative (ELI).

Cognitive Tutor Various Apr 11, 2017 Wikipedia is an open encyclopedia. This link is for the entry for Cognitive Tutor. Various. (2017). Cognitive Tutor. wikipedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_tutor. April 11, 2017.

Intelligent Tutoring System Various Apr 11, 2017 EduTech Wiki is a collection of educational technology information. This link is for the entry on Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Various. (2017). Intelligent Tutoring System. EduTech Wiki. Retrieved from: http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Intelligent_tutoring_system. April 11, 2017.

Intelligent Tutoring System Various Apr 11, 2017 Wikipedia is an open encyclopedia. This link is for the entry for Intelligent Tutoring System. Various. (2017). Intelligent Tutoring System. wikipedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_tutoring_system. April 11, 2017.

Community of Practice Various Apr 25, 2017 Wikipedia is an open encyclopedia. This link is for the entry for Community of Practice. Various. (2017). Community of Practice. wikipedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_practice. April 25, 2017.

Scholarly Readings

Cognitive Modelling and Intelligent Tutoring Kenneth R. Koedinger, John R. Anderson, Albert T. Corbett, Ray Pelletier Jan 1, 1990 This paper describes how the authors approached cognitive tutoring from the ACT theory of cognition. Anderson, J. R., Boyle, C. F., Corbett, A. T., & Lewis, M. W. (1990). Cognitive modeling and intelligent tutoring. Artificial intelligence, 42(1), 7-49.

Cognitive Tutors Lessons Learned Kenneth R. Koedinger, John R. Anderson, Albert T. Corbett, Ray Pelletier Apr 1, 1995 This article reviews the 10-year history of tutor development based on the advanced computer tutoring theory of JR Anderson from 1983-1993. Anderson, J. R., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., & Pelletier, R. (1995). Cognitive tutors: Lessons learned. The journal of the learning sciences, 4(2), 167-207.

Intelligent tutoring goes to school in the big city Kenneth R. Koedinger, John R. Anderson, William H. Hadley, Mary A. Mark Aug 1, 1997 This paper reports on a large scale test and evaluation of an algebra tutoring system that took place in a Pittsburgh urban high school setting. Koedinger, K. R., Anderson, J. R., Hadley, W. H., & Mark, M. A. (1997). Intelligent tutoring goes to school in the big city.

Designing for metacognition — applying cognitive tutor principles to the tutoring of help seeking Ido Roll, Vincent Aleven, Bruce M. McLaren, Kenneth R. Koedinger May 1, 2001 The subject of this paper is tutoring metacognitive skills related to help-seeking behaviors. Roll, I., Aleven, V., McLaren, B. M., & Koedinger, K. R. (2007). Designing for metacognition—applying cognitive tutor principles to the tutoring of help seeking. Metacognition and Learning, 2(2-3), 125-140.

Beyond intelligent tutoring systems: Using computers as METAcognitive tools to enhance learning? Roger Azevedo Jan 1, 2002 This is a forward-looking paper discussing the different focuses of the approaches to designing intelligent learning systems. The author suggests others should move away from the constructivist stance to metacognition. Azevedo, R. (2002). Beyond intelligent tutoring systems: Using computers as METAcognitive tools to enhance learning?. Instructional Science, 30(1), 31-45.

An effective metacognitive strategy: learning by doing and explaining with a computer-based Cognitive Tutor Kenneth R. Koedinger, Vincent Aleven Jan 17, 2002 The subject of the paper is whether students can scaffold effectively in a classroom environment using a Cognitive Tutor. Aleven, V. A., & Koedinger, K. R. (2002). An effective metacognitive strategy: Learning by doing and explaining with a computer-based Cognitive Tutor. Cognitive science, 26(2), 147-179.

An Overview of Intelligent Tutoring System Authoring Tools: Updated analysis of the state of the art. Tom Murray Jan 1, 2003 Describes state of the art authoring tools for intelligent tutoring systems in 2003. This paper is a chapter in a Springer conference proceedings book. Murray, T. (2003). An Overview of Intelligent Tutoring System Authoring Tools: Updated analysis of the state of the art. (pp. 491-544). Springer Netherlands.

Classroom Integration of Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Algebra and Geometry Steven Ritter, Kenneth R. Koedinger, William Hadley, Albert T. Corbett, Marsha Lilly May 21, 2004 Intelligent Tutoring Systems guide problem solving in students rather than tell an answer. This paper discusses how intelligent tutoring systems were integrated for use in algebra and geomety. The paper available at the link above is a draft. Ritter, S., Koedinger, K. R., Hadley, W., Corbett, A. T., & Lilly, M. (2004). Classroom Integration of Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Algebra and Geometry. Carnegie Learning. Retrieved from.

The Behavior of Tutoring Systems Kurt VanLehn Aug 22, 2006 Describes the behavior of intelligent tutoring systems, starting with a description of the inner and outer loops. VanLehn, K. (2006). The behavior of tutoring systems. International journal of artificial intelligence in education, 16(3), 227-265.

Links: What is an Intelligent Tutoring System? Cristina Conati Jul 1, 2009 Conati discusses areas where intelligent tutoring systems could be developed but were not in 2009. Conati, C. (2009, July). Intelligent Tutoring Systems: New Challenges and directions. In IJCAI (Vol. 9, pp. 2-7).

New Potentials for Data-Driven Intelligent Tutoring System Development and Optimization Kenneth R. Koedinger, Emma Brunskill, Ryan Baker, Elizabeth McLaughlin, John Stamper Jul 1, 2013 This paper discusses the vase amount of data available from Intelligent Tutoring Systems and how it might be used effectively to facilitate greater learning. Koedinger, K. R., Brunskill, E., Baker, R. S., McLaughlin, E. A., & Stamper, J. (2013). New potentials for data-driven intelligent tutoring system development and optimization. AI Magazine, 34(3), 27-41.

Improving Inquiry-Driven Modeling in Science Education through Interaction with Intelligent Tutoring Agents David Joyner, Ashok Goel Mar 1, 2015 "This paper presents the design and evaluation of a set of intelligent tutoring agents constructed to teach teams of students an authentic process of inquiry-driven modeling." Joyner, D. A., & Goel, A. K. (2015, March). Improving Inquiry-Driven Modeling in Science Education through Interaction with Intelligent Tutoring Agents. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (pp. 5-16). ACM.

Biographies

Norboru Matsuda Apr 10, 2017 Associate Professor of Cyber STEM Education Department of Teaching, Learning, and Culture, Texas A&M University Matsuda, N. Retrieved from: http://people.tamu.edu/~mazda/ on April 10, 2017

Beverly Park Woolf Google Scholar Apr 11, 2017 University of Massachusetts artificial intelligence, education, intelligent tutoring systems, artificial intelligence in education, educational technology Verified email at cs.umass.edu (2017-04-11) Homepage: http://centerforknowledgecommunication.com/ Google Scholar. (n.d.) Beverly Park Woolf. Retrieved from: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fs9xVGsAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra

Albert Corbett Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Apr 12, 2017 Associate Research Professor Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). (2017) Albert Corbett. Retrieved from: http://pact.cs.cmu.edu/corbett.html on April 12, 2017.

Bruce McLaren Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Apr 12, 2017 Associate Research Professor, Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). (2017) Bruce McLaren. Retrieved from: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bmclaren/research.html on April 12, 2017.

Cristina Conati University of British Columbia Apr 12, 2017 Professor, Department of Computer Science University of British Columbia University of British Columbia. (2017) Cristina Conati. Retrieved from: http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~conati/ on April 12, 2017.

Ido Roll Ido Roll Apr 12, 2017 Senior Manager for Research and Evaluation The Centre for Teaching, Learning, and Technology (CTLT) University of British Columbia University of British Columbia. (2017) Ido Roll. Retrieved from: http://idoroll.com/ on April 12, 2017.

John R. Anderson Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Apr 12, 2017 R. K. Mellon University Professor of Psychology and Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). (2017) John R. Anderson. Retrieved from: http://act-r.psy.cmu.edu/peoplepages/ja/ on April 12, 2017.

Ken Koedinger Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Apr 12, 2017 Professor of Human Computer Interaction and Psychology Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). (2017) Ken Koedinger. Retrieved from: http://pact.cs.cmu.edu/koedinger.html on April 12, 2017.

Neil Heffernan Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Apr 12, 2017 Professor & Director, Learning Sciences & Technologies. Carnegie Mellon University Worcester Polytechnic. (2017) Albert Corbett. Retrieved from: https://www.wpi.edu/people/faculty/nth on April 12, 2017.

Roger Azevedo North Carolina State University (NCSU) Apr 12, 2017 Professor, College of Humanities and Social Sciences North Carolina State University North Carolina State University (NCSU). (2017) Roger Azevedo. Retrieved from: https://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/razeved on April 12, 2017.

Ryan Baker Teacher's College, Columbia University Apr 12, 2017 Interests are Educational Data Mining, Learning Analytics, Learner-Computer Interaction, Gaming the System, Student Modeling (Disengagement, Affect, Robust Learning, Knowledge, Strategic Behavior, Meta-Cognition), Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Serious Games/Educational Games, Science Microworlds, Off-Task Behavior, and Cultural Factors. Homepage: http://www.columbia.edu/~rsb2162/ Columbia University. (2017) Ryan Baker. Retrieved from: http://www.tc.columbia.edu/faculty/rsb2162/ on April 12, 2017.

Vincent Aleven Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Apr 12, 2017 Associate Professor of Human-Computer Interaction Director, Undergraduate Programs in Human-Computer Interaction Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). (2017) Vicent Aleven. Retrieved from:http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~./aleven/ on April 12, 2017.

Ongoing Projects

ASSiSTments Apr 10, 2017 Product landing page for ASSiSTments web-based tool for improving math learning in primary school students. ASSiSTments. (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://www.assistments.org/

Advanced Geometry Intelligent Tutoring System Kurt VanLehn, Norboru Matsuda Apr 10, 2017 Advanced Geometry Intelligent Tutoring System is an intelligent tutoring system for use in advanced geometry classes. VanLehn, K., & Matsuda, N. (n.d.) Advanced Geometry Intelligent Tutoring System. Retrieved from: http://people.tamu.edu/~mazda/AdvGeo/

Carnegie Learning: Mathia Learning Software Carnegie Learning Apr 10, 2017 Product landing page for Carnegie Learning's Mathia Learning Software. Carnegie Learning. (2017) Retrieved from: https://www.carnegielearning.com/products/software-platform/mathia-learning-software

Deep Tutor Apr 10, 2017 Deep Tutor is an ongoing project at the University of Memphis. The primary researcher is Dr. Valerie Rus. The home page contains links to publications about the project. Deep Tutor. (n.d.) Retrieved from: http://deeptutor.memphis.edu

GnuTutor Project Andrew Olney Sep 1, 2009 GnuTutor is an open source intelligent tutoring system. Olney, A. (2009) Retrieved from: http://www.andrewmolney.name/category/2009/09/01/gnututor-overview.html

Guru Project Apr 10, 2017 Guru Project is an expert computer tutor modeled on the strategies and dialogue of expert human tutors. Guru Project. (n.d.) Retrieved from: http://www.gurututor.org/

SimStudent Apr 10, 2017 Sim Student is a computational model of human learning, inducing learning by generating explanations of example problem steps. Sim Student Project. (n.d.) Retrieved from: http://www.simstudent.org

Caregie Learning Caregie Learning Apr 12, 2017 From the Carnegie Learning Manifesto: "Carnegie Learning is focused on transforming the math classroom, and putting better math learning within reach for both teachers and students." Retrieved from https://www.carnegielearning.com/company/manifesto/ on April 12, 2017. Carnegie Learning. (2017) Home Page. Retrieved from: https://www.carnegielearning.com/. April 12, 2017.

Institute for Intelligent Systems Institute for Intelligent Systems Apr 12, 2017 This group is responsible for tutoring projects such as DeepTutor. From the site: "The IIS is dedicated to advancing the state of knowledge and capabilities of intelligent systems, including psychological, biological, and artificial systems." Institute for Intelligent Systems. (2017) Home Page. Retrieved from: http://www.memphis.edu/iis/. April 12, 2017.

Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Educational Technology Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Educational Technology Apr 12, 2017 The Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Educational Technology group, University of Pittsburgh, has created several tutoring systems in different fields of science. The researchers are Kevin Ashley, Peter Brusilovsky, Daqing He, Diane Litman, and Christian Schunn. Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Educational Technology. (2017) Home Page. Retrieved from: http://www.isp.pitt.edu/research/educational-technology-group. April 12, 2017.

Tutor Research Group Tutor Research Group Apr 12, 2017 Tutor Research Group, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, is the home of the ASSISTment goals oriented tutoring approach. Neil Hefferman is the lead researcher. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Computer Science. (2017) Home Page. Retrieved from: http://web.cs.wpi.edu/Research/trg/. April 12, 2017.

Betty's Brain The Teachable Agents Group Apr 17, 2017 This is the landing page for Betty's Brain, a project of Vanderbilt University's Teachable Agents Group. This is an intelligent tutoring program where students learn by teaching the agent. The Teachable Agents Group. Betty's Brain. Vanderbilt University. Retrieved April 17, 2017: http://www.teachableagents.org/research/bettysbrain.php

In the Media

Human remote control may spell end for teachers Mike Steere Aug 7, 2008 This article discusses various intelligent tutoring systems under the tagline "just imagine ... what will it be like in 2020?" Steere, M. (2008). Human remote control may spell end for teachers. CNN, August 7, 2008. Retrieved from: http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/08/07/robot.teachers/index.html?iref=newssearch

Tutoring Software, AutoTutor, Responds to Students Emotions Janice Wood Mar 4, 2012 This is a brief publicity piece for AutoTutor and DeepTutor, stating the tutoring programs can respond to a student's cogntive and emotional states and adjust tutoring accordingly. Wood, J. (2012). Tutoring Software, AutoTutor, Responds to Students Emotions. PsychCentral, March 4, 2012. Retrieved from: https://psychcentral.com/news/2012/03/04/tutoring-software-autotutor-responds-to-students-emotions/35563.html

The Machines Are Taking Over Annie Murphy Paul Sep 14, 2012 The article reports the ways computerized tutors are learning to teach students mathematics. The article leads with a story about Neil Heffernan's focus on improving the quality of computerized tutors to more accurately imitate high quality human tutors. Paul, A. (2012). The Machines are Taking Over. New York Times Magazine, September 14, 2012. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/16/magazine/how-computerized-tutors-are-learning-to-teach-humans.html

Professor finds Web-based tutoring system improves students' reading Bonnie Meyer, Ken Sliman Sep 18, 2013 This article discusses the role of Intelligent Tutoring System for the Structure Strategy (ITSS), a web-based reading tutoring system, in improving student reading skills and results shown in standardized testing. Bonnie Meyer and Ken Sliman are the program contacts at Penn State University. Meyer, B., & Sliman, K. (2013). Professor finds Web-based tutoring system improves students' reading. . Retrieved from: http://news.psu.edu/story/288216/2013/09/18/academics/professor-finds-web-based-tutoring-system-improves-students

Will Computers Ever Replace Teachers? Justin Reich Jul 8, 2014 Bromley reports on several topics in educational technology that have failed to live up to the initial hype and hope. One of them is MOOCs. Reich, J. (2014). Will Computers Ever Replace Teachers? Retrieved from: http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/will-computers-ever-replace-teachers

Some 'next big things' in teaching technology never quite were Anne Bromely Jan 8, 2015 Bromley reports on several topics in educational technology that have failed to live up to the initial hype and hope. One of them is MOOCs. Bromley, A. (2015). Some "next big things" in teaching technology never quite were. Retrieved from: https://phys.org/news/2015-01-big-technology.html

Interviews

Intelligent Tutoring Systems: David Joyner Interview (watch on YouTube) Jason Barros Jun 6, 2016 Jason Barros interviews David Joyner, Course Developer at Udacity, about the role of Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Educational Technology. Barros, J. & Udacity (2016, June 6). Intelligent Tutoring Systems: David Joyner Interview. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z78ecsa2JD4